Scaling up carbon dioxide removals Recommendations for navigating opportunities and risks in the EU

This report, released in February 2025 by the European Scientific Advisory Board on Climate Change, explores scaling up carbon dioxide removals (CDR) in the EU. It outlines governance, policy, and funding needs for long-term CO₂ removal and storage. It is sceptical how big a role voluntary carbon markets will play in the scaling of CDR but acknowledges the markets have, so far, been the main source of funding for the removal sector. It also discusses EU climate neutrality targets, extended emitter responsibility and NDCs.